Underworld myths and legends

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Hel Reigning Over the Dead in the Frozen Underworld of Niflheim

🪓 Norse MythologySnæfellsjökull, IcelandHel • Loki • Odin

Hel, the daughter of Loki, rules over the somber realm of Niflheim, where those who die of sickness or old age reside. Unlike the warriors of Valhalla, these spirits dwell in a land of mist and ice, presided over by a goddess who is half-living and half-dead. Her most famous act involves the refusal to release the god Baldr from her halls unless all of creation wept for him, a feat that...

Set Standing at the Prow of Ra's Solar Bark, Spearing the Chaos Serpent Apep

🏺 Egyptian MythologyValley of the Kings (Luxor), EgyptSet • Ra • Apep

Each night, the sun god Ra journeys through the underworld in his solar bark, facing the ultimate threat of Apep, the serpent of chaos. While most deities are paralyzed by the serpent's hypnotic gaze, Set, the god of storms and violence, stands at the prow of the ship to defend the cosmos. Using his immense strength and immunity to the serpent's magic, Set spears Apep, ensuring that the sun...

Anubis Weighing the Heart of the Deceased Against the Feather of Ma'at

🏺 Egyptian MythologyHall of Two Truths (Abydos Proxy), EgyptAnubis • Ma'at • Thoth

In the Hall of Two Truths, the god Anubis conducts the ultimate judgment of a soul by weighing their heart against the ostrich feather of Ma'at, the goddess of truth and order. If the heart is heavy with sin and outweighs the feather, the deceased is denied eternal life and devoured by the monster Ammit. Souls who pass the test are presented to Osiris and granted entry into the blissful Field...

The Black and White Guards of Mortality Capturing the Souls of the Deceased

🐉 Chinese MythologyFengdu Ghost City, Chongqing, ChinaXie Bi'an (White Guard) • Fan Wujiu (Black Guard) • King Yanluo

The Black and White Guards, known as Heibai Wuchang, are the divine constables of the Chinese underworld responsible for escorting the spirits of the dead to Fengdu. Xie Bi’an, the White Guard, and Fan Wujiu, the Black Guard, represent the balance of yin and yang while ensuring that every soul faces justice before King Yanluo. Their presence serves as a reminder of the inevitability of death...

Mulian Braving the Depths of the Underworld to Save His Mother from the Hungry Ghosts

🐉 Chinese MythologyFengdu Ghost City, Chongqing, ChinaMulian • Lady Qingti • The Buddha

Mulian, a devoted disciple of the Buddha, uses his supernatural powers to locate his deceased mother in the underworld. To his horror, he finds her reborn as a hungry ghost, unable to eat or drink due to her past misdeeds. Following the Buddha's guidance, Mulian performs a great act of merit that establishes the Ullambana Festival, ultimately securing his mother's release from suffering.

The Ox-Headed and Horse-Faced Guards Standing Watch at the Gates of the Underworld

🐉 Chinese MythologyFengdu Ghost City, Chongqing, ChinaNiutou (Ox-Head) • Mamian (Horse-Face) • Yanluo Wang

Ox-Head and Horse-Face are the formidable guardians of Diyu, the Chinese underworld, tasked with capturing souls and escorting them to judgment. Standing at the entrance of the spirit realm, they ensure that the balance of karma is maintained and that no soul escapes its destined trial. Their presence at the Fengdu Ghost City serves as a powerful reminder of the transition between life and...

Nut Swallowing the Sun God Ra Every Evening at Sunset

🏺 Egyptian MythologyWestern Horizon (Giza Proxy)Nut • Ra • Geb

In the ancient Egyptian worldview, the sky goddess Nut swallows the sun god Ra every evening at sunset, signaling the end of the day. Ra travels through her body during the night hours, facing various trials and the serpent Apep in the underworld. Each morning, Nut gives birth to the sun in the east, renewing the cycle of life and maintaining cosmic order.

Nanna Dying of a Broken Heart and Joining Baldr on the Pyre

🪓 Norse MythologyBorre Mound Cemetery, NorwayNanna • Baldr • Odin

Following the tragic death of the god Baldr by a mistletoe arrow, his wife Nanna is overwhelmed by a grief so profound that her heart physically breaks. During the grand funeral at the shore, as she witnesses her husband being laid upon his great ship Hringhorni, her spirit leaves her body. She is placed on the funeral pyre alongside Baldr, ensuring their union continues into the halls of the...

Izanagi Throwing Three Peaches to Repel the Pursuing Underworld Hags

⛩️ Japanese MythologyYomotsu Hirasaka, Shimane, JapanIzanagi • Izanami • Yomotsu-shikome

In Japanese mythology, the creator god Izanagi journeys to the dark underworld of Yomi to rescue his deceased wife, Izanami. After breaking a sacred vow by looking upon her decayed form, he is forced to flee from her wrath and a terrifying army of hags and thunder deities. Reaching the boundary of the underworld at Yomotsu Hirasaka, Izanagi repels his monstrous pursuers by throwing three...

Orpheus and Eurydice

🏛️ Greek MythologyNecromanteion of Acheron, Epirus, GreeceOrpheus • Eurydice • Hades

The master musician Orpheus descends into the depths of the Underworld to rescue his beloved wife Eurydice after her tragic death. Through the power of his lyre, he convinces Hades to let her go, but his own doubt leads to a second, final tragedy on the threshold of the living world.